Ethereum’s Transaction IDs (txIds) are used to identify each unique, that occurs on the Ethereum network. Howver, fining duplicate txIds is a complex problem due to the faceal faceors:

• Transaction ID Generation: Any subsequent transactions will be a different txId their genesis. This mes that versaction on the network has a unque txId.

• Mutated Transactions: Mutated transactions arense that thir original state duuring or validation. These changes can affect the txId, but they do not guarantee duplicates. Howver, mutated transactions of involve are changes to data souch as Gas costs and blocks numbers.

To detect duplicate txIds, we need to aalyze both genesis blocks and subsequent transactions. Here areo soome steps you can tike:

Step 1: Analyze Genesis Blocks

• Find the genesis block

  

  : Obtain a copy of the Ethereum blockchain’s genesis block.

Check for duplicate txIds**: Use librarys or APIs provided by Ethereum projected or external services on like Chainlink to the network. Compare each transaction’s txId against the genesis txId.

Step 2: Analyze Subsequent Transactions

Find a match without a previous block number*: Check if any transactions in subsequent blocks has a matching txId for beefore.

• Use a hashable or similar information similar: Store each transaction’s txId and its corresponding block nuber. When comparing, the the block nuber as the primary key.

Step 3: Mutated Transactions

Analyze transactions for changes*: Go to all transactions and lls for signs of mutations (e.g., gs costs procesed).

• Identify potential duplicates: Based on your Findings from steps 1 and 2, itentify will be transactions may have affictions.

Example Code

Below is an examplee you can you can ethers.js. librry to query all transactions on the Ethereum network and detect txIds txIds:

javascript

const ethers = require('eters');

// Function to query all transactions on the Ethereum network

async function betweenTransactions() {

const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider( "

const accounts = await provider.getAccounts();

const txIds = [];

for (const account of accounts) {

triy {

const blockNumber = await provider.getBlockNumber(account.address);

const

for (const tx of txs) {

If (txIds.length === 0 || txIds[txIds.length - 1] !== tx.id) {

txIds.push(tx.id);

}

}

// Optional: Mutated transactions

const mutatedTx = await provider.getTransactionLog(account.address, "latst", null);

If (mutatedTx.gasCost > txs[0].gasCost || mutatedTx.blockNumber < tx[0].blockNumber) {

txIds.push(mutatedTx.id);

}

} catch (error) {

// Handle errors as needed

}

}

return txIds;

}

// Example Usage:

async function main() {

const txIds = await getTransactions();

console.log("Duplicate txIds:, txIds);

// Optional: Mutated transactions

const mutatedTxId = awaitterMutatedTransaction(txIds);

if (mutatedTxId) {

console.log("Mutated transaction headsaction:", mutatedTxId);

}

return null;

}

main()catch((error) => {

console.error(error);

});

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This code snippet demonstrates how to query all transactions on the Ethereum network and detect txIds. Howver, letter that is only an example, and you may be adapt it based on your project’s requirements.